
Hordhac
Soomaaliya 62 sano oo ay dowlad tahay, 21 sano oo ka mid ah waxay lahayd dastuur rasmi ah, 21 sano na waxaa lagu xukumayay Axdi Qarameedyo iyo dikreetooyin, 10 sano waxaa lagu jiray dib-u-heshiisiin, 10 sano ee u danbeeyayna waxaan haysanay Dastuur Ku-meel-gaar ah oo ay dib-u-eegis ku socoto.
Dastuurka KMG waxaa si ku-meel-gaar ah loo ansixiyay 2012 isagoo qabyo ah. Dastuurku laba dhanba qabyo ayuu ka yahay, dhanka dulucda qodobbadiisa waa ka qabyo oo waxaa jira arrimo badan oo aan wali laga heshiin, dhanka hannaanka qaadashadiisana waa ka qabyo oo wuxuu rasmi ku noqonayaa in afti lagu qaato ka dib marka dib-u-eegistiisa lagu heshiiyo. Tan iyo 2012, Dastuurka KMG waxaa lagu dhisay 3 dowlad (2012, 2017, 2022). sida uu faray Dastuurku, dowladdii kowaad (2012) ayay ahayd in ay qabyatirto oo ay dhamaystirto Dastuurka. eeg qodobbada 132, 133, 134, 135 iyo 135 ee Dastuurka KMG.
Wali, Dastuurku waa qabyo iyadoo la dhisay dowladdii saddexaad, haddaba weydiintu waxay tahay: dowladdani ma dhamaystiri doontaa Dastuurka KMG ah mise waxay qaadi doontaa dhabbihii kuwii ka horreeyay ee ay ku dhici waayeen qabyotirka iyo dhamaystirka Dastuurka KMG?
Halista ku-meelgaar ahaanshaha Dastuurka
Inta aan laga hadal qabyotirka iyo dhamaystirka Dastuurka KMG, su’aashu waxay tahay: maxaa ba’aya haddii dastuurku sidiisa ku-meel-gaar iska sii ahaado?
Weydiintaas si looga warceliyo, dadka ka shaqaynaya dhamaystirka dastuurku waa in ay ogyihiin arrimaha dhacaya haddii la dhamaystiri waayo dastuurka waxaana ka mid ah balse aan ku koobnayn:-
Dhibaatooyinkaas iyo kuwa kale oo ka badan, qaar ka mid ah waa xaqiiq hadda taagan, qaar kalana waa saadaal la fili karo in ay dhacaan marka loo eego sooyaalka dastuur yeelashada Soomaaliya, sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan noqonaysa in habka dhamaystirka Dastuurka ee la go’aamin doono uusan noqon mid sii joogteeya ku-meel-gaarnimada Dastuurka maxaa yeelay, ku-meel-gaarnimadu waxay wax-u-dhimeysaa sarraynta Dastuurka iyo ku dhaqankiisa.
Caqabadaha iyo culaysyada ku xeeran qabyotirka iyo dhamaystirka Dastuurka
Caqabaha ugu waaweyn ee laga diiwaangeliyay khibraddii muddada tobanka sano ee ay dib-u-eegista Dastuurku socotay waxaa ka mid ah:-
Caqabadahaas iyo kuwo kale oo jira waxa ay si toos ah iyo si dadbanba u saameeyaan in la dhamaystiro Dastuurka.
Qabyotirka Dastuurka
Cutubka 15aad ee Dastuurka KMG wuxuu farayaa in labada heer ee Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya ay ka heshiiyaan arrimaha harsan ee laga gaari waayay xilligii Dowladdii Federaalka KMG ahayd oo Dastuurka la qabyotiro lana dhamaystiro. Walow shaqo badan laga soo qabtay dib-u-eegista Dastuurka, haddana wali waa qabyo oo heerarka Dowladdu wali kama aysan heshiin qodobbadii asaasiga ahaa.
Qabyotirka Dastuurka KMG wuxuu leeyahay laba dhinac. Dhinac waa in laga wada hadlo oo laga heshiiyo arrimaha ka dhiman nidaamka Federaalka ee Dastuurku jideeyay ee isugu jira siyaasadda & federaalaynta dalka, khayraadka qaranka & maaliyadda federaalka, haykalka & heerarka Dowladda, amniga & difaaca qaranka, iyo maqaamka Muqdisho iyo arrimo kale oo duruufaha iyo xaaladaha dalku kalifayaan in heshiis siyaasadeed laga gaaro. Qaybta labaadna waa ku-noqodashada Dastuurka KMG si loo saxo khaladaadka sharciyeed, qoraaleed iyo kuwo farsamo ee ku jira iyo toosinta farsamo iyo siyaaqaynta lagu sameynayo qodobbadiisa. Labadii muddo xileed (2012-2016 iyo 2017-2021) ee la soo dhaafay shaqo wayn ayaa laga qabtay dib-u-eegista Dastuurka, la tashiyo badan ayaa lala yeeshay heerarka Dowladda iyo bulshadaba, waxaana diyaar ah sixitaan iyo toosin lagu sameeyay arrimaha farsamada ee Dastuurka iyo talooyin ku aaddan waxii laga yeeli lahaa arrimaha u baahan in qaraar siyaasadeed mideysan oo ay ka gaaraan madaxda sare ee heerarka Dowladdu.
Dhamaystirka Dastuurka
In dalku yeesho dastuur rasmi ah oo kama dambays ah waa lagama maarmaan. Waayo, ka sokow baahida sharci ee ah la qabyotiro oo la dhamaystiro Dastuurka, Shacabka Soomaaliyeed waxay marar badan muujiyeen quus ay ka qabaan daba dheeraashada dib-u-eegista Dastuurka. Weydiimaha ugu badan ee la weydiiyo masuuliyiinta ha’yadaha dowladda ee qaabbilsan dib-u-eegista Dastuurku waa: goorma ayuu dhamaanayaa mashruuca Dastuurku? su’aashan oo ay ku duugantahay dhaliil ah in Dastuurku yahay mashruuc ee uusan ahayn shaqo qaran.
Qodobka 136 ee Dastuurka KMG wuxuu dhigayaa in qaadashada kama dambaysta ah ee Dastuurku ay noqonayso markii aqlabiyadda (inta badan) codbixiyayaasha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ay taageeraan dastuurka uu Baarlamaanku ansixiyay. Aftidaas dadweyne ee qodobku sheegay ma dalka oo dhan ayaa laga qabanayaa? sidee loo diiwaangelinayaa codbixiyaasha aftida dadweyne? sidee laga yeelayaa degaannada aan laga codayn karin? ma habkale ayaa lagu ansixinayaa dastuurka? su’aalahaas iyo kuwa kale waa arrimo u yaala in madaxda labada heer ee dowladdu ay ka tashadaan oo ay heshiismiyay ka gaaraan waa haddii ay doonayaan in la dhamaystiro Dastuurka oo laga saaro ku-meel-gaarnimada.
Waxaa jirta dood dhahaysa, haddii la dhamaystiro Dastuurka iyadoo aan wali la xallin arrimaha waaweyn qaarkood sida kiiska Somaliland ama ay jiraan qodobbo aan wali laga heshiin, maxaa la yeeli doonaa? dooddaas oo loo dhigo in ay sabab u noqonayso dib u dhigista dhamaystirka Dastuurka, waxaa burinaya in Dastuurka lagu noqon karo oo wax-laga-beddali karo goortii baahiyi timaad, taasina culays weyn ma yeelan doonto maadaama habkii dastuurka rasmiga ah wax looga beddali lahaa lagu dari karo isla dastuurka. Tusaale waxaa ugu filan in Dastuurkii 1960 ee aftida lagu ansixiyay wax-ka-beddal lagu suubiyay 1963 markii ay soo baxeen qodobbo u baahan in lagu noqdo.
Arrimaha hortebinta leh ee qabyotirka iyo dhamaystirka Dastuurka
Dowladda Federaalka iyo Dowlad Goboleedyada hadda jira haddii ay dhab ahaan doonayaan in la qabyotiro Dastuurka KMG oo dalku yeesho dastuur rasmi ah waxaa la gudboon in ay wax waliba DASTUURKA ugu hormariyaan maadaama uu saldhig u yahay heshiis bulsho, marka sidaas go’aansadaana qodobbadaan soo socda waxay noqon karaan talo aan ka ambaqaadaan:-
- In hoggaanka heerarka Dowladdu u aqoonsado Dastuurka ahmiyadda koowaad.
- In la dhiso oo la rasmiyeeyo (sharci loo yeelo) xiriirka heerarka Dowladda sida uu qabo qod. 51 (5) ee Dastuurka KMG.
- In lagu heshiiyo qorshe cad iyo ajande wakhtiyaysan ee qabyotirka iyo dhamaystika Dastuurka.
- In la hormariyo ka shaqaynta qodobbada u baahan qaraar siyaasadeed ee heerarka dowladda.
- Guddoonsasho habka qaadashada kama dambaysta ah ee Dastuurka Federaalka Soomaaliya.
- In loo qoondeeyo dhaqaalaha uu u baahanyahay si loo dhamaystiro.
- Dhamaystirka iyo tayaynta Guddiga Madaxa Bannaan ee Dib-u-eegista iyo Hirgelinta Dastuurka oo lagu soo daro xubnihii matalayey Dowladaha Xubnaha ka ah Federaalka.
- In labada Gole ee BJFS ay sameystaan xeer-hoosaadka wadaagga ee nidaaminaya kulama wadajirka ah iyo guddiyada wadaagga ah.
- in laysla qaato arrimaha farsamada oo labada Gole ee BJFS ansixiyaan dastuur kama dambays ah.
- Qaadashada iyo ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.
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