
Itoobiya waxay qaadatay nidaam federaal ah oo awoodda dowladda u qaybiyay laba heer dowladeed, heer qaran iyo heer dowlad goboleed. Wixii ka horreeyay 1991 dalka Itoobiya waxaa lagu maamuli jiray nidaam dowlad dhexe oo awoodda xukun ay dowladda dhexe keligeed leedahay. Itoobiya waa dowlad fac weyn kana mid ah nidaamyada dowli ee ugu horreeyay qaaradda Afrika. Waxay markii hore ahaan jirtay boqortooyo jiil ba uu jiil ka dhaxlay, balse sanadkii 1974 ayaa ciidanku xukunkii la wareegay ka dib na soo rogay in dalka lagu maamulo nidaam hantiwadaag ah. Ciidanku markii ay talada hayeen 17 sano ayaa waxaa iyagana xukunkii kala wareegay jabhado qoonsaday taladii ciidanka.
Nidaamka federaalku waa ku cusubyahay dalka Itoobiya maadaama muddo qarniyo ah lagu soo hagayay nidaam hal dhinac looga arrimiyo. Sidaa darteed, Jaamacadda Ethiopian Civil Service University ayaa loo aasaasay in la dhiso kaadir awood u leh dhaqangalinta isbeddalka dalka ka dhacay. Jaamacaddu, sida magaceeda laga fahmi karo waxaa loola jeeday in lagu tababaro shaqaalaha dowladda ee udub dhexaadka u noqon doona hirgelinta Nidaamka Federaalka ee dalku qaatay, waana sababta ay kaga duwantahay hay’adaha kale ee dowliga ah ee tacliinta sare.
Jaamacadda Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU) waxaa la aasaasay 1996 ka dib markii uu dhaqangalay Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya 1995. Jaamacaddani billowgeedii waxay ahayd College hoos yimaada Raysul Wasaaraha Itoobiya, xubinta ugu sarreysa xukunka Itoobiya. Ujeeddada laga leeyahay waa in ay (1) dhisto awoodda aqooneed iyo tan xirfadadeed ee cududda shaqaalaha dowladda, heer qaran iyo heer dowlad goboleed ba, (2) in ay suubiso cilmibaaris ku aaddan sidii shaqada dowladda loo hormarin lahaa, iyo (3) in ay hay’adaha dowladda siiso adeeg latalin oo howlwadeennada heerarka dowladda u qabato barnaamijyo hanuunin.
Jaamacaddu waxa ay bixisaa barnaamijyo waxbarasho oo isugu jira: hoggaaminta, maamulka dowliga ah, siyaasadaha dowliga ah, sharciga, dhaqaalaha, maaliyadda dowladda, culuumta kumbiyuutarka, qorshaynta & maamulka magaalooyinka, iyo horumarinta. Culuumtaas oo dhamaantood la xiriirta maamulka dowliga ah waxaa lagu qaataa heer jaamacadeed (undergraduate) iyo heer takhasus (Master iyo PhD).
Nidaamka Waxbarasho ee Jaamacaddu wuxuu isugu jiraa saacado fasal la galo iyo saacado cilmibaaris, qoraal akaademi iyo howlo waxbarasho ah. Jaamacaddu waxay raacdaa Nidaamka Yurub ee Wareejinta Saacadaha Waxbarashada (ECTS). Siyaasadda Jaamacaddan, halkii ECTS wuxuu u dhigmaa 25 ilaa 30 saacado waxbarasho. Habka qiimaynta ardaygu waxay isugu jirtaa imtixaan, doodaha fasalka, cilmibaaris iyo qoraallada akaademiga ah, saacadaha akhriska iyo muraajacaynta akaademiga ah (book and article review), iyo qoraalka qalinjabinta.
Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Jaamacaddani wuxuu kaga duwanyahay Jaamacadaha kale ee dalka, in uu ku dhisanyahay kobcin aqoonta iyo xirfadda shaqaalaha heerarka dowladda. Ardada dhigataa waa shaqaalaha kala duwan ee dowladda dhexe, dowlad goboleedyada iyo dowladaha hoose ee Itoobiya.
Itoobiya, waxbarashada dowladdu bixiso waa bilaash laga soo billaabo dugsi hoose ilaa heer jaamacadeed. Ardaygu markuu dhameeyo jaamacadda ee uu shaqo billaabo wuxuu bixinayaa 10% laga jarayo mushaarkiisa billaha. Nidaamkan waxaa la yiraahdaa nidaamka wadaagga kharashka waxbarashada oo micnaheedu yahay in dowladdu bixiso qayb kharashka ku baxay waxbarashada halka qaybta kale laga soo celinayo ardaygu markuu dhaqaale helo ama uu shaqo billaabo.
Qormadii hore waxaan ku soo sheegnay in dowladdu maamushu badiba adeeg bixinta dalka, sidaa darteed inta badan dadku waxay u shaqeeyaan hay’adaha dowladda.
Itoobiya, luuqadda tacliinta sare waa English, hase ahaatee, Amxaariga ayaa ah kan ugu badan ee loo adeegsado nidaamka waxbarid-waxbarasho. Waxay ilatahay sidaas waxaa u sabab ah, in Ingiriisigu aanu saamayn ku lahayn nolosha guud ee shakhsiga Itoobiyaanka ah. Afka rasmiga ah ee dowladda dhexe (heer qaran) iyo afar ka mid ah dowlad goboleedyadu waa Amxaari.
Takhasuska aan doortay ee aan Jaamacadda ECSU ka soo bartay wuxuu ahaa Daraasaadka Nidaamka Federaalka. Barnaamijkaan waxaa si isbarbardhig ah lagu darsaa dalalka qaatay nidaamka federaalka, waxa ay ka midaysanyihiin, astaamaha dal waliba uu la gooni yahay, iyo caqabadaha ka qabsaday hirgelintiisa.
Qaybta xigta waxaan ku faaqi doonaa astaamaha guud ee nidaamka federaalka iyo qaar ka mid ah doodihii aan ku yeelanay fasalka iyo fagaaraha Jaamacadda ee la xiriira hirgelinta Nidaamka Federaalka.
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As with anything to do with performance-enhancing drugs,
not everything works for everyone. It can be run solo in cycles of 4 –
6 weeks, it can be run as a kickstart alongside other compounds e.g.
Testosterone and Tren, or Boldenone with var being run for the primary 4 weeks to ‘kick start’ the
cycle.
However, low quantities of alcohol are unlikely to affect a
user’s outcomes significantly. Clenbuterol is typically known as a slicing
steroid like Anavar. However, clenbuterol just isn’t an anabolic steroid;
due to this fact, we don’t see it affect pure testosterone
ranges to any important degree. When girls take Anavar at 10 mg per day,
we often see them experience muscle gains within the first
10 days. A lady taking 10 mg of Anavar per day has a extra
highly effective impact than a person taking 20 mg of Anavar per day.
By increasing pink blood cell count, it improves oxygen supply to
muscle tissue, which reinforces endurance and reduces fatigue
throughout workouts. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids are indicated in patients chronic losing conditions (the
loss of muscle mass) to forestall frailty. Such conditions
include sarcopenia, AIDS related muscle losing, severe burn damage,
trauma following surgical procedure and different catabolic problems.
Anavar will make men’s muscles rather more noticeable, as subcutaneous fluid is pushed out and fat is burned.
One of essentially the most regarding unwanted side effects for girls is virilization, where they begin to develop male characteristics as a
end result of elevated testosterone levels. Virilization can include a spread of
symptoms, such as a deeper voice, elevated physique and facial hair,
and adjustments in menstrual cycles. These modifications could be distressing, and
in some instances, they might be irreversible even after stopping Anavar.
Males who have already got cardiovascular points or are in danger for them must be notably
cautious when considering Anavar use. If you are looking to bulk up,
it’s going to have little impact on whatever gains you might have achieved.
However, if you should burn unwanted fat and maintain lean and
strong muscle tissue, Anavar would work nice. One of the important thing
results that Anavar does is it enhances protein synthesis.
The course of by which the body makes new proteins is named protein synthesis.
Factors similar to meals consumption, liver operate, and individual variability all contribute
to the speed at which Anavar works within the physique.
By contemplating these factors, individuals can better
regulate their dosages and timing to optimize the fast
effects of this potent steroid. However, it is at all times important to seek
the advice of with healthcare professionals for steering on accountable usage and to minimize potential dangers.
I have been researching Anavar, an oral anabolic steroid, to grasp what it is and the way
it works. Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, was created in 1962
to advertise lean muscle mass in those affected by muscle-wasting situations.
The drug was formulated to be delicate, with few unwanted aspect
effects, so that women and youngsters may safely take it.
Var, in terms of positive aspects, has at all times been highly respected for its capacity to help in lean muscle development and visceral fats loss,
it has, nevertheless, usually been referred to as a weak or delicate PED.
Hopefully, nobody out there thinks you possibly can take a steroid and
then sit again along with your toes up, eating chocolate cake all day, anticipating
to transform into Vin Diesel magically. As lengthy as you’re willing to work for it,
Anavar can and does ship satisfying outcomes typically.
Females naturally produce small amounts of testosterone, however when utilizing
steroids, this highly effective androgen can quickly bring about a whole host
of undesirable unwanted side effects for females. Signs could be widespread and critical and may embrace fatigue,
depression, low libido, loss of muscle, and fat achieve, to call
just some. Development of acne and oily pores and skin are the opposite androgenic unwanted
effects to watch out for. Again, these will develop shortly and severely in some folks, whereas others won’t have
pimples.
Anavar displays a potent capacity to bind to androgen receptors in muscle cells, a vital step in its mechanism
of action. This binding is a key driver of
anabolic signaling, because it initiates a series of organic events
that promote muscle development. Aside from its muscle-building properties,
Anavar also performs a vital function in muscle recovery.
Intense exercises usually lead to muscle harm, and the
restoration course of is crucial for muscle development and
stopping injuries. Anavar facilitates the restore course of
by decreasing muscle inflammation and accelerating healing.
Anavar (Oxandrolone) is a popular anabolic steroid utilized by bodybuilders and athletes
to extend muscle mass and strength. One of the most typical questions asked by those new to Anavar is how lengthy it takes for the drug to start
working. Anavar is an anabolic steroid that’s typically
used to help improve muscle growth, endurance,
and energy. While it does have some androgenic results, it’s not a testosterone booster.
In reality, Anavar can really suppress pure testosterone manufacturing, which might result
in a number of unwanted unwanted effects.
Nevertheless, to be able to fight potential melancholy and
estrogen rebound, some girls will eat “clear” (nutritional) meals and use mood-enhancing supplements within the weeks following a cycle.
Before, we mentioned the numerous advantages of Anavar, with one being that it can construct
lean muscle. Nonetheless, many Anavar research have revolved round burn victims, children with delayed growth and ladies with Turner syndrome.
Overall, Anavar works by increasing protein synthesis, lowering protein breakdown, rising pink blood cell
production, and rising nitrogen retention within the
muscles. Purple blood cells are liable for carrying oxygen to the muscular tissues, which is essential for muscle progress
and recovery. Anavar additionally helps to increase nitrogen retention in the muscular tissues,
which might further enhance muscle development and restoration. The only approach to safeguard
in opposition to any danger is to have a prescription for
any anabolic steroids taken. Therefore, if a soldier has low testosterone
and is prescribed TRT, if he exams optimistic for testosterone, the test will come again as negative to the commander.
However, if a person stacks Anavar with other
anabolic steroids, this suppressing impact will be exacerbated.
Alternatively, if a consumer does not want to wait a number of months, they’ll incorporate post-cycle
remedy to scale back this recovery time interval.
Anavar is a robust anabolic steroid that can help to extend your recovery capabilities.
By growing the speed at which your physique repairs muscle tissue, Anavar can help you to realize
energy quicker and train extra effectively. Originally developed within the Nineteen Sixties, Anavar was designed to advertise
muscle growth and combat muscle wasting illnesses.
Its anabolic properties make it an attractive possibility for athletes seeking lean gains and
improved strength.
Nonetheless, they’ll check for steroids, particularly in circumstances where
they’re identified to be rife in a particular unit or
if there is another excuse to suspect someone of using them.
Pharmaceutical-grade Anavar has been leaked onto the black market
by way of particular connections. This could be within the type of understanding somebody who
formulates oxandrolone, figuring out a physician who can prescribe it, or somebody who has been prescribed it.
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