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Hayaankaygii waxbarasho & dalbarasho ee Itoobiya

Qaybta 3aad: Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Jaamacadda ECSU

Itoobiya waxay qaadatay nidaam federaal ah oo awoodda dowladda u qaybiyay laba heer dowladeed, heer qaran iyo heer dowlad goboleed. Wixii ka horreeyay 1991 dalka Itoobiya waxaa lagu maamuli jiray nidaam dowlad dhexe oo awoodda xukun ay dowladda dhexe keligeed leedahay. Itoobiya waa dowlad fac weyn kana mid ah nidaamyada dowli ee ugu horreeyay qaaradda Afrika. Waxay markii hore ahaan jirtay boqortooyo jiil ba uu jiil ka dhaxlay, balse sanadkii 1974 ayaa ciidanku xukunkii la wareegay ka dib na soo rogay in dalka lagu maamulo nidaam hantiwadaag ah. Ciidanku markii ay talada hayeen 17 sano ayaa waxaa iyagana xukunkii kala wareegay jabhado qoonsaday taladii ciidanka. 

Nidaamka federaalku waa ku cusubyahay dalka Itoobiya maadaama muddo qarniyo ah lagu soo hagayay nidaam hal dhinac looga arrimiyo. Sidaa darteed, Jaamacadda Ethiopian Civil Service University ayaa loo aasaasay in la dhiso kaadir awood u leh dhaqangalinta isbeddalka dalka ka dhacay. Jaamacaddu, sida magaceeda laga fahmi karo waxaa loola jeeday in lagu tababaro shaqaalaha dowladda ee udub dhexaadka u noqon doona hirgelinta Nidaamka Federaalka ee dalku qaatay, waana sababta ay kaga duwantahay  hay’adaha kale ee dowliga ah ee tacliinta sare.

Jaamacadda Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU) waxaa la aasaasay 1996 ka dib markii uu dhaqangalay Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya 1995. Jaamacaddani billowgeedii waxay ahayd College hoos yimaada Raysul Wasaaraha Itoobiya, xubinta ugu sarreysa xukunka Itoobiya. Ujeeddada laga leeyahay waa in ay (1) dhisto awoodda aqooneed iyo tan xirfadadeed ee cududda shaqaalaha dowladda, heer qaran iyo heer dowlad goboleed ba,  (2) in ay suubiso cilmibaaris ku aaddan sidii shaqada dowladda loo hormarin lahaa, iyo (3) in ay hay’adaha dowladda siiso adeeg latalin oo howlwadeennada heerarka dowladda u qabato barnaamijyo hanuunin.

Jaamacaddu waxa ay bixisaa barnaamijyo waxbarasho oo isugu jira: hoggaaminta, maamulka dowliga ah, siyaasadaha dowliga ah, sharciga, dhaqaalaha, maaliyadda dowladda, culuumta kumbiyuutarka, qorshaynta & maamulka magaalooyinka, iyo horumarinta. Culuumtaas oo dhamaantood la xiriirta maamulka dowliga ah waxaa lagu qaataa heer jaamacadeed (undergraduate) iyo heer takhasus (Master iyo PhD).

Nidaamka Waxbarasho ee Jaamacaddu wuxuu isugu jiraa saacado fasal la galo iyo saacado cilmibaaris, qoraal akaademi iyo howlo waxbarasho ah. Jaamacaddu waxay raacdaa Nidaamka Yurub ee Wareejinta Saacadaha Waxbarashada (ECTS). Siyaasadda Jaamacaddan, halkii ECTS wuxuu u dhigmaa 25 ilaa 30 saacado waxbarasho. Habka qiimaynta ardaygu waxay isugu jirtaa imtixaan, doodaha fasalka, cilmibaaris iyo qoraallada akaademiga ah, saacadaha akhriska iyo muraajacaynta akaademiga ah (book and article review), iyo qoraalka qalinjabinta.

Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Jaamacaddani wuxuu kaga duwanyahay Jaamacadaha kale ee dalka, in uu ku dhisanyahay kobcin aqoonta iyo xirfadda shaqaalaha heerarka dowladda. Ardada dhigataa waa shaqaalaha kala duwan ee dowladda dhexe, dowlad goboleedyada iyo dowladaha hoose ee Itoobiya.

Itoobiya, waxbarashada dowladdu bixiso waa bilaash laga soo billaabo dugsi hoose ilaa heer jaamacadeed. Ardaygu markuu dhameeyo jaamacadda ee uu shaqo billaabo wuxuu bixinayaa 10% laga jarayo mushaarkiisa billaha. Nidaamkan waxaa la yiraahdaa nidaamka wadaagga kharashka waxbarashada oo micnaheedu yahay in dowladdu bixiso qayb kharashka ku baxay waxbarashada halka qaybta kale laga soo celinayo ardaygu markuu dhaqaale helo ama uu shaqo billaabo.

Qormadii hore waxaan ku soo sheegnay in dowladdu maamushu badiba adeeg bixinta dalka, sidaa darteed inta badan dadku waxay u shaqeeyaan hay’adaha dowladda.

Itoobiya, luuqadda tacliinta sare waa English, hase ahaatee, Amxaariga ayaa ah kan ugu badan ee loo adeegsado nidaamka waxbarid-waxbarasho. Waxay ilatahay sidaas waxaa u sabab ah, in Ingiriisigu aanu saamayn ku lahayn nolosha guud ee shakhsiga Itoobiyaanka ah. Afka rasmiga ah ee dowladda dhexe (heer qaran) iyo afar ka mid ah dowlad goboleedyadu waa Amxaari.

Takhasuska aan doortay ee aan Jaamacadda ECSU ka soo bartay wuxuu ahaa Daraasaadka Nidaamka Federaalka. Barnaamijkaan waxaa si isbarbardhig ah lagu darsaa dalalka qaatay nidaamka federaalka, waxa ay ka midaysanyihiin, astaamaha dal waliba uu la gooni yahay, iyo caqabadaha ka qabsaday hirgelintiisa. 

Qaybta xigta waxaan ku faaqi doonaa astaamaha guud ee nidaamka federaalka iyo qaar ka mid ah doodihii aan ku yeelanay fasalka iyo fagaaraha Jaamacadda ee la xiriira hirgelinta Nidaamka Federaalka.

 

la socod wacan.

Arafat

Waxaan ahay shakhsi dhex-dhexaad ah, jecel inuu aqoon iyo ogaal kororsado, qirsan xaqiiqda (dhabta) ah ee la hubiyay, oggol in la kala aragti duwanaan karo iyadoon wada noolaashaha waxba loo dhimeyn. I am a neutral person who loves to learn and know more, acknowledges the truth, allows differences of opinion without compromising coexistence.

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